www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-14-water-management Chapter 14: Water Management David D. Bosch, USDA-ARS Gary L. Hawkins, University of Georgia Hydrology is the study of the movement, distribution and quality of water. The central theme of hydrology is that water moves throughout the earth’s crust and atmosphere by various pathways (Figure 14.1). Water evaporates from land and water bodies and rises into the atmosphere […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-13-insect-pest-management summary-14 Chapter 13 Summary Conservation tillage systems have a key role in increasing soil protection from wind and water erosion, and in decreasing fuel and labor costs. The impact of reduced tillage on insect pest abundance and associated damage can vary considerably among locations, from species to species and from crop to crop. In addition to insect pest herbivores, […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-13-insect-pest-management management-of-insect-pests Management of Insect Pests While control practices for insect pests are similar in reduced-tillage and conventional tillage systems, some practices may play a greater role with reduced tillage. An example is increased biological control caused by increased predation in no-till systems. Integrated pest management stresses the balanced use of biological, insecticidal, cultural and host-plant resistance tactics to manage insect […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-13-insect-pest-management changes-in-insect-pest-status Changes in Insect Pest Status Conservation tillage can change the population dynamics of various insect pests. This can result in the pest status changing or staying the same, meaning more damage to a crop, less damage or no affect on crop damage. The direction and magnitude of change, however, are highly variable and depend on the crops, pest species, geographical […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-13-insect-pest-management changes-in-insect-habitat-with-reduced-tillage Changes in Insect Habitat with Reduced Tillage Tillage disrupts insect habitats and causes changes in the species and numbers of insects. Reducing or removing tillage as done in conservation tillage profoundly modifies the agroecosystem, which influences insect population and species. The degree of disturbance varies with the type of conservation tillage. Seedbed preparation can range from complete burial of plant residue to […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-13-insect-pest-management Chapter 13: Insect Pest Management Francis P. F. Reay-Jones, Clemson University Juang-Horng “JC” Chong, Clemson University John R. Ruberson, Kansas State University The implementation of conservation tillage practices has led to dramatic changes in the management of some insect pests, particularly those that spend a portion of their life in the soil. Research on the responses of insects to reduced […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-12-plant-parasitic-nematode-management summary-13 Chapter 12 Summary Plant-parasitic nematodes can become a greater challenge in fields after making the switch to a conservation tillage system. This occurs because the area in and near the crop’s root system is left undisturbed throughout the year. In a conventional tillage system the practice of turning up the soil and exposing plant roots helps limit their […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-12-plant-parasitic-nematode-management nematode-management Nematode Management The options available for plant-parasitic nematode management include sanitation, resistant and tolerant varieties, crop rotation, cover crops, conservation tillage and nematicides. In most cases, a combination of these practices will be needed to keep nematode numbers below the economic threshold. Only use nematicides when other options are not feasible or do not reduce populations below […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-12-plant-parasitic-nematode-management nematodes-in-the-southeast Nematodes in the Southeast This section provides descriptions of the plant-parasitic nematodes of economic importance in the southeastern United States. Host range, soil texture preference, impact of tillage and potential yield reductions are reviewed for each nematode species. Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) There are four common species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) known to parasitize field crops in the […]
www.sare.org publications conservation-tillage-systems-in-the-southeast chapter-12-plant-parasitic-nematode-management nematode-sampling Nematode Sampling The most accurate method for detecting nematode infestations is soil sampling [3, 4, 30]. A nematode analysis will determine the genera of nematode in a field and will provide an estimate of the population densities of each genus. Collect soil samples when soil moisture is adequate for good plant growth, not during dry periods. Irrigation […]