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Universal Principles, Farm-Specific Strategies
The key challenge for farmers in the 21st century is to translate
the principles of agroecology into practical systems that meet the
needs of their farming communities and ecosystems. You can apply
these principles through various techniques and strategies, each
of which will affect your farm differently, depending on local opportunities
and resources and, of course, on markets. Some options may include
both annual and perennial crops, while others do not. Some may transcend
field and farm to encompass windbreaks, shelterbelts and living
fences. Well-considered and well-implemented strategies for soil
and habitat management lead to diverse and abundant — although
not always sufficient — populations of natural enemies.
As you develop a healthier, more pest-resilient system for your
farm, ask yourself:
 How
can I increase species diversity to improve pest management, compensate
for pest damage and make fuller use of resources?
How
can I extend the system’s longevity by including woody plants
that capture and recirculate nutrients and provide more sustained
support for beneficials?
How
can I add more organic matter to activate soil biology, build
soil nutrition and improve soil structure?
Finally,
how can I diversify my landscape with mosaics of agroecosystems
in different stages of succession?
Because locally adapted varieties and species can create specific
genetic resilience, rely on local biodiversity, synergies and dynamics
as much as you can. Use the principles of agroecology to intensify
your farm’s efficiency, maintain its productivity, preserve
its biodiversity and enhance its self-sustaining capacity.
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