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References
1. Spivak M, Reuter GS (2001a) Resistance to American foulbrood
disease by honey bee colonies, Apis mellifera, bred for hygienic
behavior. Apidologie 32: 555-565.
2. Spivak M (1996) Honey bee hygienic behavior and defense against
Varroa jacobsoni. Apidologie 27: 245-260.
3. Spivak M, Reuter GS (1998a) Performance of hygienic honey bee
colonies in a commercial apiary. Apidologie 29: 285-296.
4. Spivak M, Reuter GS (2001b) Varroa jacobsoni infestation in
untreated honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies selected for
hygienic behavior. J. Econ. Entomol 94: 326-331.
5. Spivak M, Downey D (1998) Field assays for hygienic behavior
in honey bees (Apidae: Hymenoptera). J. Econ. Entomol. 91: 64-70.
6. Spivak M, Reuter GS (1998b) Honey bee hygienic behavior. Amer.
Bee J. 138: 283- 286.
7. Masterman R, Ross R, Mesce K, Spivak M (2001) Olfactory and
behavioral response thresholds to odors of diseased brood differ
between hygienic and non-hygienic honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
J. Comp Physiol. A 187: 441-452.
8. Gramacho KP, Spivak M (2003) Differences in olfactory sensitivity
and behavioral responses among honey bees bred for hygienic behavior.
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 54: 472-479.
9. Spivak M, Masterman R, Ross R, Mesce KA (2003) Hygienic behavior
in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and the modulatory role of
octopamine. J. Neurobiol. 55: 341-354.
10. Spivak M, Gilliam M (1998) Hygienic behaviour of honey bees
and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa mites.
Parts I and II: Hygienic behaviour and resistance to American foulbrood.
Bee World 79:124-134; 165-182.
11. Lapidge K, Oldroyd B, Spivak M (2002) Seven suggestive quantitative
trait loci influence hygienic behavior of honey bees. Naturwissenschaften
89: 565-568.
About the Authors
Marla Spivak and Gary
Reuter
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota
SARE Fact Sheet # 03AGI2005
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